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  1. Libya’s Financial Vulnerabilities Laid Bare By Dwindling Oil Revenue

    ...ccessive governments following the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011 tried to reign in militias by co-opting them into the system and handing them salaries. The state ultimately failed to control them, but it continued to pay their wages. Fast forward a few years and some of those militias have al...

    Volume: 63
    Issue: 17
    Published at Fri, 24 Apr 2020

  2. Lebanon's Gas Hype: Is It All Hot Air?

    ...mmercial discovery is a fait accompli. But Lebanon needn’t look far for examples of the tricky realities of East Med development: after discovering the 5tcf Aphrodite field in 2011, many of the island’s “experts” and officials boasted as if Cyprus were the new Qatar (MEES, 10 April 2015). Israel’s 22tcf Le...

    Volume: 61
    Issue: 17
    Published at Fri, 27 Apr 2018

  3. Firms Face Up To Mounting Libya Write-Offs

    ...LIBYA Firms Face Up To Mounting Libya Write-Offs The past year has seen a significant downturn in output for oil companies operating in Libya, with several firms recording their worst year since the toppling of Mu’ammar al-Qadhafi in 2011, and others deciding to write-off expenses fr...

    Volume: 58
    Issue: 17
    Published at Fri, 24 Apr 2015

  4. Syria: Between A Rock And A Hard Place

    ...test the waters, and could resort to larger shipments in future. Syria’s revolution started in March 2011 with mainly peaceful demonstrations. Army deserters established the moderate Free Syrian Army, a grouping of militias that remains splintered. Islamist militias followed. Both the Free Sy...

    Volume: 57
    Issue: 17
    Published at Fri, 25 Apr 2014

  5. Iraqi Provincial Elections: Prelude To A New Balance Of Power

    ...ections, down from 72% in previous elections in 2009. The drop reflects growing disillusionment with the post-2003 political process. The April 2013 elections are the first to be held following the departure of US forces in late 2011.   Iraqis typically vote on the basis of their sectarian or et...

    Volume: 56
    Issue: 17
    Published at Fri, 26 Apr 2013