1. Libya’s Financial Vulnerabilities Laid Bare By Dwindling Oil Revenue

    ...ccessive governments following the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011 tried to reign in militias by co-opting them into the system and handing them salaries. The state ultimately failed to control them, but it continued to pay their wages. Fast forward a few years and some of those militias have al...

    Volume: 63
    Issue: 17
    Published at Fri, 24 Apr 2020
  2. UAE, Egypt Lead Mena Renewables Expansion

    ...e benefit of exporting oil rather than burning it for powergen. For countries with minor hydrocarbons resources, developing electricity capacity has always been a struggle, although international financial institutions have increasingly backed renewables projects in the wake of the ‘Arab Spring’ of 2011. ...

    Volume: 63
    Issue: 17
    Published at Fri, 24 Apr 2020
  3. Saudi Arabia Announces Borrowing, Reserves Draw-down Plan

    ...llows through on Mr Jadaan’s statement, then reserves would drop to around $468bn. The lowest figure since early 2011, but comfortably above the sub-$400bn levels of 2009. Meanwhile, the balance between borrowing and tapping reserves mentioned by Mr Jadaan highlights the extent to which Saudi Ar...

    Volume: 63
    Issue: 17
    Published at Fri, 24 Apr 2020