Middle East Economic Survey

VOL. XLVII

No 44

1-November-2004

GENERAL

Russias Upper House Ratifies Kyoto Protocol

Russias upper house of parliament on 27 October ratified, by 139-1 with one abstention, the Kyoto Protocol. It now awaits the signature of President Vladimir Putin, before coming into force early next year. Russias acceptance of Kyoto was essential if the pact was to survive. Before taking effect it needs ratification by 55 industrialized nations accounting for at least 55% of global...